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What organisms are used in the study of genetics?

 
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Most of the knowledge of chromosome structure and the behavior of genes has come from studies of the vinegar, or fruit, fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ), which reproduces so rapidly that many generations can be studied over a short time. The work of T. H. Morgan and his associates on Drosophila was the basis of much of the early progress of genetics in the United States. Certain other small laboratory animals, plants, and microorganisms such as the E. coli bacteria are now used, also largely because of their ability to reproduce rapidly.

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